Mississippi State University · Department of Chemistry

We work at the interface of bioanalytical chemistry and aerosol science.

Our lab builds instrumentation and develops quantitative analytical methods to study disease-related biochemistry and develop new approaches to diagnosis and treatment. A major focus of our research is the respiratory system, including noninvasive sampling and aerosol-based technologies.

Research themes and methodsRespiratory Research; Tools & Methods; Diagnosis; Lipidomics; Measurement Science; Mass Spectrometry; Proteomics; Metabolomics; NMR Spectroscopy; Treatment; Quantitative Drug Delivery; Device Engineering; 3D Printing; Prevention; Ambient Air Monitoring; Hardware & Software Integration; Mechanisms; Biochemistry & Biophysics; Aerosol Physics; Quantitative Aerosol Sampling. Respiratory research links diagnosis, treatment, prevention and mechanisms with tools and methods. RespiratoryResearch Tools &Methods Diagnosis Lipidomics MeasurementScience MassSpectrometry Proteomics Metabolomics NMRSpectroscopy Treatment QuantitativeDrug Delivery DeviceEngineering 3D Printing Prevention Ambient AirMonitoring Hardware &SoftwareIntegration Mechanisms Biochemistry& Biophysics AerosolPhysics QuantitativeAerosolSampling

Our Research

Noninvasive Sampling of the Deep Lung

Diagram of the respiratory tract showing how repeated airway collapse and reopening during breathing ruptures the airway lining fluid into aerosol particles that are exhaled.
Text description of the airway diagram

The schematic labels the trachea, bronchi, small airways and alveoli. The trachea (generation 0) is about 1.8 cm in diameter. The lungs have about 23 generations of airway branching. Small airways are less than 2 mm across, lack cartilage, and connect to gas-exchange alveoli. The drawing is not to scale.

  1. Exhalation: a small airway collapses.
  2. Inhalation: the airway reopens and the airway lining fluid stretches into a film.
  3. Continued inhalation: the film ruptures, forming fluid particles.
  4. Particles travel deeper into the lung during inhalation.
  5. On exhalation, particles leave the lung and can be collected. The breathing cycle repeats.

Arrows show the sequence. Blue identifies airway lining fluid and particles; red outlines the airway. The labels and sequence carry the same information without relying on color.

Every breath repeatedly opens and closes the smallest airways deep in the lung, rupturing a thin fluid film into micron-scale droplets. We build the instrumentation and analytical methods to capture and quantify these particles for disease diagnosis and monitoring.

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Recent Publications

3D-printed microcell for protein NMR at high ionic strengths and small sample volumes Kakeshpour, Gelenter, Ying, Bax · Magnetic Resonance · 2025
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Chemical Analysis of Deep-Lung Fluid Derived from Exhaled Breath Particles Kakeshpour, Louis, Walter, Bax · Analytical Chemistry · 2025
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Snoring-generated fluid droplets as a potential mechanistic link between sleep-disordered breathing and pneumonia Kakeshpour, Fennelly, Bax · Respiratory Research · 2024
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Quantitative detection of hydrogen peroxide in rain, air, exhaled breath, and biological fluids by NMR spectroscopy Kakeshpour, Metaferia, Zare, Bax · Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. · 2022
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We Are Building a Team

We are actively recruiting graduate students and undergraduate researchers eager to work at the intersection of analytical chemistry, biochemistry, and device engineering. If you are excited about building new tools to detect disease, we want to hear from you.

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